2026 half year results

Bank of Scotland Plc

30 July 2026

Bank of Scotland plc

2026 half year results

30 July 2026

Member of the Lloyds Banking Group

CONTENTS

Financial review		1
Principal risks and uncertainties		4
Condensed consolidated half-year financial statements (unaudited)
Condensed consolidated income statement (unaudited)		5
Condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income (unaudited)		6
Condensed consolidated balance sheet (unaudited)		7
Condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity (unaudited)		8
Condensed consolidated cash flow statement (unaudited)		10
Notes to the condensed consolidated half-year financial statements (unaudited)
1	Basis of preparation and accounting policies	11
2	Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty	12
3	Net fee and commission income	12
4	Operating expenses	12
5	Impairment	13
6	Tax	13
7	Fair values of financial assets and liabilities	13
8	Allowance for expected credit losses	19
9	Debt securities in issue	24
10	Provisions	25
11	Subordinated liabilities	26
12	Dividends on ordinary shares	26
13	Related party transactions	27
14	Contingent liabilities, commitments and guarantees	28
Statement of directors' responsibilities		30
Forward-looking statements		31
Contacts

FINANCIAL REVIEW

Principal activities

Bank of Scotland plc (the Bank), together with its subsidiary undertakings (the Group), provide a wide range of banking and financial services. The Group's revenue is earned through interest and fees on a broad range of financial services products including current and savings accounts, mortgages, credit cards and unsecured loans to retail customers and loans and other products to commercial clients.

Income statement

The Group's profit before tax for the first half of 2026 was £1,127 million, compared to a profit before tax of £680 million for the first half of 2025, reflecting higher total income and lower operating expenses, partly offset by a higher impairment charge. Profit after tax was £828 million (half-year to 30 June 2025:  £524 million).

Total income for the first half of 2026 was £3,158 million, an increase of 20% on the first half of 2025. Net interest income was £2,810 million, compared to £2,281 million for the same period in 2025, driven by higher average interest-earning assets and a higher margin. Other income of £348 million was £5 million lower than the first half of 2025, reflecting higher net fee and commission income and the gain on the securitisation of primarily legacy mortgages, offset by lower net trading income.

Operating expenses of £1,780 million were 6% lower than in the first half of 2025 reflecting continued cost savings, a lower severance expense and plateauing investment as this strategic cycle culminates, partially offset by business growth costs and inflationary pressures. The Group recognised remediation costs of £13 million within operating expenses (half-year to 30 June 2025: £2 million), across a small number of rectification programmes.

The impairment charge was £251 million up from £60 million in the half-year to 30 June 2025. The higher charge includes a net charge from updated multiple economic scenarios (MES) reflecting the impact of the deterioration in economic outlook in the first quarter due to the Middle East conflict, net of modest second quarter updates. The MES impact for the half year captures a higher unemployment rate peak and softer house price outlook compared to the year end view. Credit performance remains strong and stable with arrears low and stable across portfolios.

The Group recognised a tax expense of £299 million in the first half of 2026 (half-year to 30 June 2025: £156 million). An explanation of the relationship between the tax expense and the Group's accounting profit for the period is set out on page 13.

Balance sheet

Total assets of £354,511 million were £14,922 million higher (31 December 2025: £339,589 million). Financial assets at amortised cost were £15,466 million higher at £345,506 million. An increase in loans and advances to customers of £1,504 million to £314,359 million was primarily due to growth in UK mortgages, net of the impact of a securitisation of primarily legacy mortgages. Balances due from fellow Lloyds Banking Group undertakings increased by £14,327 million, largely reflecting the equitable assignment of mortgage assets to Lloyds Bank plc in support of its covered bonds programme. Within liabilities, there is a broadly corresponding increase in amounts due to fellow Lloyds Banking Group undertakings.

Total liabilities of £337,669 million increased by £14,413 million (31 December 2025: £323,256 million). Customer deposits decreased by £2,969 million in the period to £164,617 million, primarily due to disciplined pricing decisions throughout the tax year-end.

Total equity of £16,842 million increased by £509 million (31 December 2025: £16,333 million). The movement reflected profit for the period partially offset by an interim dividend of £480 million.

FINANCIAL REVIEW (continued)

Capital

The capital position of Bank of Scotland plc is presented on an unconsolidated basis. The Bank's capital position as at 30 June 2026 is set out below.

Capital resources of the Bank

	At 30 Jun 2026 £m		At 31 Dec 2025 £m
Common equity tier 1
Shareholders' equity per unconsolidated balance sheet	14,566		14,363
Adjustment to retained earnings for foreseeable dividends	-		(480)
Cash flow hedging reserve	76		90
Other adjustments	(1)		(1)
	14,641		13,972
less: deductions from common equity tier 1
Goodwill and other intangible assets	(765)		(746)
Prudent valuation adjustment	(32)		(39)
Excess of expected losses over impairment provisions and value adjustments	(385)		(295)
Removal of defined benefit pension surplus	(32)		(28)
Significant investments	-		(45)
Deferred tax assets	(1,677)		(1,736)
Common equity tier 1 capital	11,750		11,083
Additional tier 1
Additional tier 1 instruments	2,850		2,600
Total tier 1 capital	14,600		13,683
Tier 2
Tier 2 instruments	500		1,500
Total capital resources	15,100		15,183
Risk-weighted assets	83,201		82,357
Capital and leverage ratios
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio	14.1  %		13.5 %
Tier 1 capital ratio	17.5  %		16.6   %
Total capital ratio	18.1  %		18.4    %
UK leverage ratio	4.5 %		4.3   %

The Bank's common equity tier 1 (CET1) capital ratio increased from 13.5% at 31 December 2025 to 14.1% at 30 June 2026. Profit for the first half of the year was partly offset by an increase in risk-weighted assets. The total capital ratio reduced to 18.1% (31 December 2025: 18.4%) reflecting the increase in risk-weighted assets and a reduction in total capital resources, with the increase in CET1 capital and AT1 instrument issuance more than offset by AT1 and Tier 2 instrument calls.

Risk-weighted assets increased by £844 million from £82,357 million at 31 December 2025 to £83,201 million at 30 June 2026, largely reflecting the impact of lending growth offset by optimisation activity, including a securitisation of primarily legacy mortgages.

The Bank's UK leverage ratio of 4.5% at 30 June 2026 has increased from 4.3% at 31 December 2025, reflecting the increase in total tier 1 capital, partially offset by the increase in the leverage exposure measure following lending growth.

Pillar 3 Disclosures

The Bank will publish a condensed set of half-year Pillar 3 disclosures in the first half of August. A copy of the disclosures will be available to view at: www.lloydsbankinggroup.com/investors/financial-downloads.html.

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

The most significant risks faced by the Group are detailed below. External risks may impact delivery against the Group's recently updated long-term strategic objectives. They include, but are not limited to, macroeconomic and geopolitical uncertainties and inflation trends which could have implications for both consumers and businesses.

The Group's credit performance remains strong and stable; the portfolios are well positioned amid macroeconomic uncertainty and are proactively monitored to identify signs of stress.

Ongoing oversight of operational resilience risks and continuous enhancements to controls remains critical, particularly in relation to cybersecurity, IT stability and supplier risk. The Group remains committed to ensuring lessons are learned from internal and external events of disruption, which may have an impact on the Group's ability to continue operations.

The Group remains committed to modernising its technology and strengthening capabilities to ensure safe and responsible use of models and tools such as artificial intelligence.

Risk management is fundamental to our business model and strategy, and enables the Group to embrace opportunities responsibly and deliver sustainable growth. Our strong risk management culture, underpinned by Lloyds Banking Group's risk management framework (RMF), is vital in safeguarding the Group, colleagues and customers against both existing and emerging risks.

During 2026, the Group has continued to make progress in its risk transformation journey by standardising practices and streamlining processes, enabling simplification and efficiency. The RMF ensures processes are in place to facilitate robust risk management and effective decision making to deliver good outcomes for our customers.

The Group has 10 principal risks, underpinned by a suite of level two risks which are reviewed and reported regularly to the Board. The principal risks consist of capital risk, climate risk, compliance risk, conduct risk, credit risk, economic crime risk, liquidity risk, market risk, model risk and operational risk.

Further information regarding the Group's principal risks is available on page 5 of the Group's 2025 annual report and accounts.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT (UNAUDITED)

	Note		Half-year to 30 Jun 2026 £m			Half-year to 30 Jun 2025 £m
Interest income			7,585			7,382
Interest expense			(4,775)			(5,101)
Net interest income			2,810			2,281
Fee and commission income			340			342
Fee and commission expense			(151)			(165)
Net fee and commission income	3		189			177
Net trading income			35			114
Other operating income			124			62
Other income			348			353
Total income			3,158			2,634
Operating expenses	4		(1,780)			(1,894)
Impairment	5		(251)			(60)
Profit before tax			1,127			680
Tax expense	6		(299)			(156)
Profit after tax			828			524
Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders			701			404
Profit attributable to other equity holders			127			120
Profit after tax			828			524

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated half-year financial statements.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2026 £m			Half-year to 30 Jun 20251 £m
Profit for the period	828			524
Other comprehensive income
Items that will not subsequently be reclassified to profit or loss:
Post-retirement defined benefit scheme remeasurements:
Remeasurements before tax	5			(9)
Deferred tax	(1)			3
	4			(6)
Items that may subsequently be reclassified to profit or loss:
Movements in cash flow hedging reserve:
Effective portion of changes in fair value taken to other comprehensive income	4			(16)
Deferred tax	(1)			3
	3			(13)
Net income statement transfers	17			(4)
Deferred tax	(5)			1
	12			(3)
	15			(16)
Movements in foreign currency translation reserve (tax: £nil)	(2)			1
	13			(15)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) for the period, net of tax	17			(21)
Total comprehensive income for the period	845			503
Total comprehensive income attributable to ordinary shareholders	718			383
Total comprehensive income attributable to other equity holders	127			120
Total comprehensive income for the period	845			503

¹    Deferred tax impacts, previously shown in aggregate for each reserve, are now presented alongside each line item. Comparatives are represented on a consistent basis.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated half-year financial statements.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (UNAUDITED)

	Note	At 30 Jun 2026 £m				At 31 Dec 2025 £m
Assets
Cash and balances at central banks			2,706			2,767
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	7		240			253
Derivative financial instruments			1,951			2,214
Loans and advances to banks			117			121
Loans and advances to customers			314,359			312,855
Debt securities			680			1,041
Due from fellow Lloyds Banking Group undertakings			30,350			16,023
Financial assets at amortised cost			345,506			330,040
Goodwill			452			452
Current tax recoverable			335			377
Deferred tax assets			1,661			1,743
Retirement benefit assets			45			39
Other assets			1,615			1,704
Total assets			354,511			339,589
Liabilities
Deposits from banks			109			99
Customer deposits			164,617			167,586
Repurchase agreements at amortised cost			12,969			10,443
Due to fellow Lloyds Banking Group undertakings			143,889			128,036
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss	7		17			17
Derivative financial instruments			1,984			3,016
Notes in circulation			2,177			2,118
Debt securities in issue at amortised cost	9		9,793			8,933
Other liabilities			1,223			1,068
Provisions	10		362			408
Subordinated liabilities	11		529			1,532
Total liabilities			337,669			323,256
Equity
Share capital			5,847			5,847
Other reserves			3,061			3,048
Retained profits			5,084			4,838
Ordinary shareholders' equity			13,992			13,733
Other equity instruments			2,850			2,600
Total equity excluding non-controlling interests			16,842			16,333
Non-controlling interests			-			-
Total equity			16,842			16,333
Total equity and liabilities			354,511			339,589

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated half-year financial statements.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

		Attributable to ordinary shareholders											Other equity instruments £m			Non- controlling interests £m
		Share capital £m			Other reserves £m			Retained profits £m			Total £m									Total £m
At 1 January 2026		5,847			3,048			4,838			13,733			2,600			-			16,333
Comprehensive income
Profit for the period		-			-			701			701			127			-			828
Other comprehensive income
Post-retirement defined benefit scheme remeasurements, net of tax		-			-			4			4			-			-			4
Movements in revaluation reserve in respect of debt securities held at fair value through other comprehensive income, net of tax		-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Movements in cash flow hedging reserve, net of tax		-			15			-			15			-			-			15
Movements in foreign currency translation reserve, net of tax		-			(2)			-			(2)			-			-			(2)
Total other comprehensive income		-			13			4			17			-			-			17
Total comprehensive income1		-			13			705			718			127			-			845
Transactions with owners
Dividends (note 12)		-			-			(480)			(480)			-			-			(480)
Distributions on other equity instruments		-			-			-			-			(127)			-			(127)
Issue of other equity instruments		-			-			-			-			1,250			-			1,250
Redemption of other equity instruments		-			-			-			-			(1,000)			-			(1,000)
Changes in non-controlling interests		-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Capital contributions received		-			-			21			21			-			-			21
Total transactions with owners		-			-			(459)			(459)			123			-			(336)
At 30 June 20262		5,847			3,061			5,084			13,992			2,850			-			16,842

¹    Total comprehensive income attributable to owners of the parent was £845 million.

²    Total equity attributable to owners of the parent was £16,842 million.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated half-year financial statements.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (UNAUDITED) (continued)

		Attributable to ordinary shareholders											Other equity instruments £m			Non- controlling interests £m
		Share capital £m			Other reserves £m			Retained profits £m			Total £m									Total £m
At 1 January 2025		5,847			3,063			4,712			13,622			2,600			8			16,230
Comprehensive income
Profit for the period		-			-			404			404			120			-			524
Other comprehensive income
Post-retirement defined benefit scheme remeasurements, net of tax		-			-			(6)			(6)			-			-			(6)
Movements in cash flow hedging reserve, net of tax		-			(16)			-			(16)			-			-			(16)
Movements in foreign currency translation reserve, net of tax		-			1			-			1			-			-			1
Total other comprehensive loss		-			(15)			(6)			(21)			-			-			(21)
Total comprehensive income1		-			(15)			398			383			120			-			503
Transactions with owners
Dividends (note 12)		-			-			(250)			(250)			-			-			(250)
Distributions on other equity instruments		-			-			-			-			(120)			-			(120)
Issue of other equity instruments		-			-			-			-			-						-
Changes in non-controlling interests		-			-			8			8			-			(8)			-
Capital contributions received		-			-			10			10			-			-			10
Total transactions with owners		-			-			(232)			(232)			(120)			(8)			(360)
At 30 June 20252		5,847			3,048			4,878			13,773			2,600			-			16,373
Comprehensive income
Profit for the period		-			-			696			696			117			-			813
Other comprehensive income
Post-retirement defined benefit scheme remeasurements, net of tax		-			-			(5)			(5)			-			-			(5)
Movements in cash flow hedging reserve, net of tax		-			(1)			-			(1)			-			-			(1)
Movements in foreign currency translation reserve, net of tax		-			1			-			1			-			-			1
Total other comprehensive income		-			-			(5)			(5)			-			-			(5)
Total comprehensive income1		-			-			691			691			117			-			808
Transactions with owners
Dividends		-			-			(730)			(730)			-			-			(730)
Distributions on other equity instruments		-			-			-			-			(117)			-			(117)
Issue of other equity instruments		-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Redemption of other equity instruments		-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Changes in non-controlling interests		-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Capital contributions received		-			-			(1)			(1)			-			-			(1)
Total transactions with owners		-			-			(731)			(731)			(117)			-			(848)
At 31 December 20252		5,847			3,048			4,838			13,733			2,600			-			16,333

¹    Total comprehensive income attributable to owners of the parent for the half-year to 30 June 2025 was £503 million (half-year to 31 December 2025: £808 million).

²    Total equity attributable to owners of the parent at 30 June 2025 was £16,373 million (31 December 2025: £16,333 million).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated half-year financial statements.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT (UNAUDITED)

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2026 £m			Half-year to 30 Jun 2025 £m
Cash flows (used in) provided by operating activities
Profit before tax	1,127			680
Adjustments for:
Change in operating assets	(15,166)			(8,104)
Change in operating liabilities	15,489			6,912
Non-cash and other items	169			(74)
Tax paid	(333)			(167)
Tax refunded	150			1,162
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,436			409
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property, plant and equipment	(79)			(150)
Purchase of other intangible assets	(49)			(3)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment	10			2
Proceeds from sale of goodwill and other intangible assets	-			2
Net cash used in investing activities	(118)			(149)
Cash flows from financing activities
Dividends paid to ordinary shareholders	(480)			(250)
Distributions on other equity instruments	(127)			(120)
Interest paid on subordinated liabilities	(44)			(50)
Proceeds from issue of other equity instruments	1,250			-
Repurchases and redemptions of subordinated liabilities	(1,000)			-
Repurchases and redemptions of other equity instruments	(1,000)			-
Net cash used in financing activities	(1,401)			(420)
Change in cash and cash equivalents	(83)			(160)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	2,795			2,883
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	2,712			2,723

Interest received was £7,512 million (half-year to 30 June 2025: £7,341 million) and interest paid was £4,294 million (half-year to 30 June 2025: £4,171 million).

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and non-mandatory balances with central banks and amounts due from banks with an original maturity of less than three months.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated half-year financial statements.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Note 1: Basis of preparation and accounting policies

These condensed consolidated half-year financial statements as at and for the period to 30 June 2026 have been prepared in accordance with the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules of the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and with International Accounting Standard 34 (IAS 34), Interim Financial Reporting as adopted by the United Kingdom and issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and comprise the results of Bank of Scotland plc (the Bank) together with its subsidiaries (the Group). They do not include all of the information required for full annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Group's consolidated financial statements as at and for the year ended 31 December 2025 which complied with international accounting standards in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and were prepared in accordance with IFRS® Accounting Standards as issued by the IASB. Copies of the 2025 annual report and accounts are available on the Lloyds Banking Group's website and are also available upon request from Investor Relations, Lloyds Banking Group plc, 33 Old Broad Street, London, EC2N 1HZ.

The directors consider that it is appropriate to continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing these condensed consolidated half-year financial statements. In reaching this assessment, the directors have taken into account the uncertainties affecting the UK economy and their potential effects upon the Group's performance and projected funding and capital position; the impact of further stress scenarios has also been considered. On this basis, the directors are satisfied that the Group will maintain adequate levels of funding and capital for the foreseeable future.

The Group's accounting policies are consistent with those applied by the Group in its financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025 and there have been no changes in the Group's methods of computation.

The IASB has issued its annual improvements and a number of amendments to the IFRS Accounting Standards effective 1 January 2026, including Amendments to IFRS 9 Financial Instruments and Amendments to IFRS 7 Financial Instruments Disclosure. These improvements and amendments have not had a significant impact on the Group.

Future accounting developments

There are a number of new accounting pronouncements issued by the IASB with an effective date of 1 January 2027, including IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements which replaces IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements. While many of the existing requirements of IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements are retained, IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements introduces additional disclosure obligations in relation to the structure of the income statement, management-defined performance measures, and the aggregation and disaggregation of financial information. IFRS 18 will have no impact on the Group's net profit as it impacts neither recognition nor measurement. The new standard will impact the presentation of the Group's results as it requires that operating, investing and financing activities are presented separately. There will also be a change in the Group's cash flow statement as IFRS 18 requires that the first line of the cash flow statement is operating profit rather than profit before tax.

IFRS 19 Subsidiaries without Public Accountability: Disclosures is being assessed and is not expected to have a significant impact on the Group.

Other information

The Bank's ultimate parent undertaking and controlling party is Lloyds Banking Group plc which is incorporated in Scotland. Lloyds Banking Group plc has published consolidated accounts for the year to 31 December 2025 and copies may be obtained from Investor Relations, Lloyds Banking Group plc, 33 Old Broad Street, London, EC2N 1HZ and are available for download from www.lloydsbankinggroup.com.

The financial information contained in this document does not constitute statutory accounts within the meaning of section 434 of the Companies Act 2006 (the Act). The statutory accounts for the year ended 31 December 2025 were approved by the directors on 26 February 2026 and were delivered to the Registrar of Companies on 20 March 2026. The independent auditors' report on those accounts was unqualified and did not include a statement under sections 498(2) (accounting records or returns inadequate or accounts not agreeing with records and returns) or 498(3) (failure to obtain necessary information and explanations) of the Act.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)

Note 2: Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty

The preparation of the Group's financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions in applying the accounting policies that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Due to the inherent uncertainty in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be based upon amounts which differ from these estimates. Estimates, judgements and assumptions are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. In preparing the financial statements, the Group has considered the impact of climate-related risks on its financial position and performance. While the effects of climate change represent a source of uncertainty, the Group does not consider there to be a material impact on its judgements and estimates from the physical, transition and other climate-related risks in the short-term.

The Group's significant judgements, estimates and assumptions are unchanged compared to those disclosed in note 3 of the Group's 2025 financial statements. Further information on the critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty for the allowance for expected credit losses is set out in note 8.

Note 3: Net fee and commission income

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2026 £m		Half-year to 30 Jun 2025 £m
Fee and commission income:
Current accounts	105		104
Credit and debit card fees	213		209
Other fees and commissions	22		29
Total fee and commission income	340		342
Fee and commission expense	(151)		(165)
Net fee and commission income	189		177

Note 4: Operating expenses

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2026 £m		Half-year to 30 Jun 2025 £m
Staff costs	456		581
Premises and equipment costs	94		129
Depreciation and amortisation	126		147
Amounts payable to fellow Lloyds Banking Group undertakings and other expenses	1,104		1,037
Total operating expenses	1,780		1,894

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)

Note 5: Impairment

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2026 £m		Half-year to 30 Jun 2025 £m
Loans and advances to customers	254		78
Due from fellow Lloyds Banking Group undertakings	-		(3)
Financial assets held at amortised cost	254		75
Loan commitments and financial guarantees	(3)		(15)
Total impairment	251		60

Note 6: Tax

In accordance with IAS 34, the Group's income tax expense for the half-year to 30 June 2026 is based on the best estimate of the weighted-average annual income tax rate expected for the full financial year. The tax effects of one-off items are not included in the weighted-average annual income tax rate, but are recognised in the relevant period.

An explanation of the relationship between tax expense and accounting profit is set out below:

	Half-year to 30 Jun 2026 £m		Half-year to 30 Jun 2025 £m
Profit before tax	1,127		680
UK corporation tax thereon at 25.0% (2025: 25.0%)	(282)		(170)
Impact of surcharge on banking profits	(29)		(19)
Other non-deductible costs	(15)		(37)
Non-taxable income	6		2
Tax relief on coupons on other equity instruments	32		30
Tax-exempt gains on disposals	-		2
Adjustments in respect of prior years	(11)		36
Tax expense	(299)		(156)

Note 7: Fair values of financial assets and liabilities

The valuations of financial instruments have been classified into three levels according to the quality and reliability of information used to determine those fair values. Note 14 to the Group's financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025 details the definitions of the three levels in the fair value hierarchy.

Financial instruments classified as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, derivative financial instruments and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised at fair value.

The Group manages valuation adjustments for its derivative exposures on a net basis; the Group determines their fair values on the basis of their net exposures. In all other cases, fair values of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value are determined on the basis of their gross exposures.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)

Note 7: Fair values of financial assets and liabilities (continued)

The following tables provide an analysis of the financial assets and liabilities of the Group that are carried at fair value in the Group's consolidated balance sheet, grouped into levels 1 to 3 based on the degree to which the fair value is observable. There were no significant transfers between level 1 and level 2 during the period.

Financial assets	Level 1 £m		Level 2 £m		Level 3 £m		Total £m
At 30 June 2026
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Loans and advances to customers	-		-		237		237
Debt securities	-		-		3		3
Total financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	-		-		240		240
Derivative financial instruments	-		1,951		-		1,951
Total financial assets carried at fair value	-		1,951		240		2,191
At 31 December 2025
Loans and advances to customers at fair value through profit or loss	-		-		253		253
Derivative financial instruments	-		2,214		-		2,214
Total financial assets carried at fair value	-		2,214		253		2,467

Financial liabilities	Level 1 £m		Level 2 £m		Level 3 £m		Total £m
At 30 June 2026
Debt securities in issue designated at fair value through profit or loss	-		-		17		17
Derivative financial instruments	-		1,882		102		1,984
Total financial liabilities carried at fair value	-		1,882		119		2,001
At 31 December 2025
Debt securities in issue designated at fair value through profit or loss	-		-		17		17
Derivative financial instruments	-		2,903		113		3,016
Total financial liabilities carried at fair value	-		2,903		130		3,033

Valuation control framework

Key elements of the valuation control framework include model validation (incorporating pre-trade and post-trade testing), product implementation review and independent price verification. The framework covers processes for all 3 levels in the fair value hierarchy. Formal committees meet quarterly to discuss and approve valuations in more judgemental areas.

Transfers into and out of level 3 portfolios

Transfers out of level 3 portfolios arise when inputs that could have a significant impact on the instrument's valuation become market observable; conversely, transfers into the portfolios arise when sources of data cease to be observable.

Valuation methodology

For level 2 and level 3 portfolios, there is no significant change to the valuation methodology (techniques and inputs) disclosed in the Group's financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025 applied to these portfolios.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)

Note 7: Fair values of financial assets and liabilities (continued)

Movements in level 3 portfolio

The tables below analyse movements in the level 3 financial assets portfolio.

	Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss £m		Derivative assets £m		Total financial assets carried at fair value £m
At 1 January 2026	253		-		253
Losses recognised in the income statement within other income	(7)		-		(7)
Purchases/increases	5		-		5
Sales/repayments	(11)		-		(11)
At 30 June 2026	240		-		240
Losses recognised in the income statement, within other income, relating to the change in fair value of those assets held at 30 June 2026	(4)		-		(4)
At 1 January 2025	278		-		278
Losses recognised in the income statement within other income	(16)		-		(16)
Purchases/increases	14		-		14
Sales/repayments	(17)		-		(17)
At 30 June 2025	259		-		259
Losses recognised in the income statement, within other income, relating to the change in fair value of those assets held at 30 June 2025	(16)		-		(16)

The tables below analyse movements in the level 3 financial liabilities portfolio.

	Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss £m		Derivative liabilities £m		Total financial liabilities carried at fair value £m
At 1 January 2026	17		113		130
Losses (gains) recognised in the income statement within other income	1		(3)		(2)
Redemptions	(1)		(8)		(9)
At 30 June 2026	17		102		119
Losses (gains) recognised in the income statement, within other income, relating to the change in fair value of those liabilities held at 30 June 2026	1		(2)		(1)
At 1 January 2025	22		139		161
Gains recognised in the income statement within other income	(2)		(5)		(7)
Redemptions	(2)		(12)		(14)
At 30 June 2025	18		122		140
Gains recognised in the income statement, within other income, relating to the change in fair value of those liabilities held at 30 June 2025	(2)		(3)		(5)

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)

Note 7: Fair values of financial assets and liabilities (continued)

Significant unobservable inputs in level 3 valuations

The following tables disclose the valuation techniques and key unobservable inputs for instruments recognised at fair value and classified as level 3 and provides the range of those inputs at the balance sheet date.

For each portfolio, the minimum and maximum significant unobservable inputs that are used in the balance sheet valuation are shown.

Significant unobservable inputs affecting the valuations are unchanged from those described in note 14 in the Group's financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025.

At 30 June 2026	Valuation techniques	Significant unobservable inputs	Minimum		Maximum		Carrying value £m
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Loans and advances to customers	Discounted Cash Flows	Credit spreads	138bps		349bps		114
	Market values - property valuation	HPI growth	3%		4%		123
							237
Debt securities	Discounted Cash Flows	Price	12%		86%		3
							240
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Securitisation notes and other	Discounted cash flows	Credit spreads	349bps		349bps		17
Derivative financial liabilities
Interest rate derivatives	Option pricing model	Interest rate ATM volatility	56bps		93bps		1
Shared appreciation rights	Market values - property valuation	HPI growth	3%		4%		101
							102
							119

At 31 December 2025	Valuation techniques	Significant unobservable inputs	Minimum		Maximum		Carrying value £m
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Loans and advances to customers	Discounted Cash Flows	Credit spreads	138bps		349bps		118
	Market values - property valuation	HPI growth	3%		4%		135
							253
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Securitisation notes and other	Discounted cash flows	Credit spreads	349bps		349bps		17
Derivative financial liabilities
Interest rate derivatives	Option pricing model	Interest rate ATM volatility	38bps		82bps		2
Shared appreciation rights	Market values - property valuation	HPI growth	3%		4%		111
							113
							130

Reasonably possible alternative assumptions

Valuation techniques applied to the Group's level 3 instruments involve the use of unobservable inputs. The calculation of the effect of reasonably possible alternative assumptions for those inputs are included in the tables and is unchanged from that described in note 14 to the Group's financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025.

For each portfolio, the maximum and minimum changes presented reflect the difference between the significant unobservable inputs used in the balance sheet valuation and those used when applying reasonably possible alternative assumptions.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)

Note 7: Fair values of financial assets and liabilities (continued)

Sensitivity of level 3 valuations

The tables below set out the effects of reasonably possible alternative assumptions for categories of level 3 financial assets and financial liabilities.

At 30 June 2026	Significant unobservable inputs	Max up	Max down	Favourable changes1 £m	Unfavourable changes1 £m
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Loans and advances to customers	Credit spreads	115bps	(115)bps	5	(5)
	HPI growth	1%	(1)%	11	(10)
Debt securities	Price	10%	(10)%	-	-
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Securitisation notes and other	Credit spreads	50bps	(50)bps	1	(1)
Derivative financial liabilities
Interest rate derivatives	Interest rate ATM volatility	4bps	(4)bps	-	-
Shared appreciation rights	HPI growth	1%	(1)%	9	(8)
At 31 December 2025	Significant unobservable inputs	Max up	Max down	Favourable changes1 £m	Unfavourable changes1 £m
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Loans and advances to customers	Credit spreads	115bps	(115)bps	5	(5)
	HPI growth	1%	(1)%	14	(12)
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Securitisation notes and other	Credit spreads	50bps	(50)bps	1	(1)
Derivative financial liabilities
Interest rate derivatives	Interest rate ATM volatility	4bps	(4)bps	-	-
Shared appreciation rights	HPI growth	1%	(1)%	11	(10)

¹    Where the exposure to a significant unobservable input is managed on a net basis, only the net impact is shown in the table.

The table below summarises the carrying values of financial assets and liabilities measured at amortised cost in the Group's consolidated balance sheet. The fair values presented in the table are at a specific date and may be significantly different from the amounts which will actually be paid or received on the maturity or settlement date.

	At 30 June 2026				At 31 December 2025
	Carrying value £m		Fair value £m		Carrying value £m		Fair value £m
Financial assets
Loans and advances to banks	117		117		121		121
Loans and advances to customers	314,359		312,104		312,855		313,834
Debt securities	680		679		1,041		1,036
Due from fellow Lloyds Banking Group undertakings	30,350		30,350		16,023		16,023
Financial liabilities
Deposits from banks	109		109		99		99
Customer deposits	164,617		164,796		167,586		168,476
Repurchase agreements	12,969		12,969		10,443		10,443
Due to fellow Lloyds Banking Group undertakings	143,889		143,889		128,036		128,036
Debt securities in issue	9,793		9,783		8,933		8,925
Subordinated liabilities	529		549		1,532		1,552

The carrying amounts of cash and balances at central banks and notes in circulation are a reasonable approximation of their fair values.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)

Note 8: Allowance for expected credit losses

The calculation of the Group's allowance for expected credit losses requires the Group to make a number of judgements, assumptions and estimates. These are set out in full in note 17 to the Group's financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025, with the most significant set out below.

The table below analyses total ECL allowance, separately identifying the amounts that have been modelled, those that have been individually assessed and those arising through the application of judgemental adjustment.

	Modelled ECL £m		Individually assessed £m		Judgemental adjustments £m		Total ECL £m
At 30 June 2026	1,262		58		110		1,430
At 31 December 2025	1,312		59		167		1,538

Adjustments to modelled ECL

These adjustments principally comprise:

Repossession risk: £69 million (31 December 2025: £88 million)

Additional ECL continues to be held judgementally to capture the potential repossession and recovery risk from specific subsets of largely long-term defaulted cases. The reduction in the adjustment comes from the reclassification of one part previously needed to set an anticipated longer duration between default and repossession than was observable at the time. Having now seen that elongation emerge and subsequently normalise there is now sufficient observable behaviour to return to a data driven approach.

Adjustment for specific segments: £nil (31 December 2025: £13 million)

An adjustment was previously required to address fire safety and cladding uncertainty as not fully captured through collective models. This adjustment has been fully released as the risk is now deemed immaterial following reduction in exposure to these properties.

Lifetime extension on revolving products: £35 million (31 December 2025: £37 million)

An adjustment is required to extend the lifetime used for Stage 2 exposures on Retail revolving products from a three-year modelled lifetime, which reflected the outcome data available when the ECL models were developed, to a more representative lifetime. Incremental defaults beyond year three are calculated through the extrapolation of the default trajectory observed throughout the three years and beyond.

Adjustments to loss given defaults (LGDs): £4 million (31 December 2025: £3 million)

An adjustment is required for a specific segment of the SME portfolio which judgementally applies a more appropriate blended LGD rate from credit risk profile segments more aligned to experience.

Corporate insolvency rates: £(9) million (31 December 2025: £(9) million)

The volume of UK corporate insolvencies continues to exhibit an elevated trend beyond December 2019 levels, revealing a marked misalignment between observed UK corporate insolvencies and the Group's equivalent credit performance. This dislocation gives rise to uncertainty over the drivers of the observed trends in the metric and the appropriateness of the Group's Commercial Banking model response which uses observed UK corporate insolvencies data to anchor future loss estimates to. Given the Group's stable credit performance, a negative adjustment is applied by reverting judgementally to the long-term average of the insolvency rate. The scale of the negative adjustment reduced in the period reflecting the reduction in observed actual UK corporate insolvency rates, narrowing the gap of the misalignment.

Global tariff and political disruption risks: £nil (31 December 2025: £3 million)

An adjustment was previously held to recognise the potential risks to specific drivers across various corporate sectors not reflected in broad macroeconomic model drivers. These were in relation to potential nuanced risks to businesses inherent in the base case which could also worsen in the downside scenarios. This adjustment has been fully released as these risks are considered to be adequately captured within assumptions and resulting modelled provisions.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)

Note 8: Allowance for expected credit losses (continued)

Base case and MES economic assumptions

The Group's base case economic scenario has been updated to reflect ongoing geopolitical developments and conditions in financial and commodity markets through to the balance sheet date. The Group's updated base case scenario has four conditioning assumptions. First, developments in global conflicts, technology or financial sector issues do not cause a significant degree of financial market volatility. Second, a drift towards further deglobalisation and financial market fragmentation continues as part of a reordering of global economic relations, adding to economic frictions. Third, the UK's existing macroeconomic framework for monetary and fiscal policy remains in place, alongside broader continuity on other areas of government policy. Fourth, advancements in AI begin to boost UK productivity growth but worsen the employment outlook in a 'transitional' phase around the turn of the decade.

Based on these assumptions and incorporating the economic data published in the second quarter of 2026, the Group's base case scenario is for a slow expansion in gross domestic product (GDP) and a further rise in the unemployment rate alongside small gains in residential and commercial property prices. Although inflationary pressures attributable to the conflict in the Middle East are yet to peak, UK Bank Rate is expected to remain on hold during 2026, before reaching a 'neutral' policy stance in 2027. Risks around this base case economic view lie in both directions and are largely captured by the generation of alternative economic scenarios.

The Group's approach to generating alternative economic scenarios is set out in detail in note 17 to the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025. The Group has taken into account the latest available information at the reporting date in defining its base case scenario and generating alternative economic scenarios. The scenarios include forecasts for key variables as at the second quarter of 2026. Actuals for this period, or restatements of past data, may have since emerged prior to publication and have not been included.

Scenarios by year

The key UK economic assumptions made by the Group are shown in the following tables across a number of measures explained below.

Annual assumptions

Gross domestic product (GDP) growth and Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation are presented as an annual change, house price growth and commercial real estate price growth are presented as the growth in the respective indices over each year. Unemployment rate and UK Bank Rate are averages over the year.

Five-year average

The five-year average reflects the average annual growth rate, or level, over the five-year period. It includes movements within the current reporting year, such that the position as of 30 June 2026 covers the five years 2026 to 2030. The inclusion of the reporting year within the five-year period reflects the need to predict variables which remain unpublished at the reporting date and recognises that credit models utilise both level and annual changes. The use of calendar years maintains a comparability between the annual assumptions presented.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)

Note 8: Allowance for expected credit losses (continued)

At 30 June 2026	2026 %	2027 %	2028 %	2029 %	2030 %	2026 to 2030 average %
Upside
Gross domestic product growth	1.4	2.4	1.9	1.6	1.6	1.8
Unemployment rate	4.8	3.7	3.1	3.1	3.3	3.6
House price growth	1.8	4.5	7.7	7.5	6.0	5.5
Commercial real estate price growth	3.3	6.6	3.1	2.0	0.7	3.1
UK Bank Rate	3.85	4.79	5.19	5.46	5.65	4.99
CPI inflation	3.1	2.5	2.2	2.7	3.0	2.7
Base case
Gross domestic product growth	1.0	1.0	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.4
Unemployment rate	5.2	5.4	5.0	4.7	4.7	5.0
House price growth	0.9	1.2	2.0	3.4	3.4	2.2
Commercial real estate price growth	(0.3)	0.0	0.9	0.8	0.0	0.3
UK Bank Rate	3.75	3.63	3.50	3.50	3.50	3.58
CPI inflation	3.1	2.4	1.8	1.8	2.0	2.2
Downside
Gross domestic product growth	0.6	(1.2)	0.5	1.4	1.7	0.6
Unemployment rate	5.6	7.5	7.7	7.3	7.0	7.0
House price growth	0.0	(2.4)	(5.4)	(3.2)	(1.3)	(2.5)
Commercial real estate price growth	(3.5)	(8.7)	(3.2)	(2.1)	(2.7)	(4.0)
UK Bank Rate	3.65	2.04	1.04	0.71	0.49	1.59
CPI inflation	3.1	2.3	1.2	0.7	0.6	1.6
Severe downside
Gross domestic product growth	0.1	(3.3)	(0.1)	1.2	1.5	(0.1)
Unemployment rate	6.2	10.1	10.4	9.8	9.3	9.2
House price growth	(1.0)	(5.1)	(12.4)	(9.2)	(6.0)	(6.8)
Commercial real estate price growth	(8.6)	(17.8)	(8.7)	(6.5)	(6.1)	(9.6)
UK Bank Rate	3.49	0.64	0.07	0.02	0.01	0.85
CPI inflation	3.1	2.2	0.6	(0.5)	(1.0)	0.9
Probability-weighted
Gross domestic product growth	0.9	0.4	1.1	1.5	1.6	1.1
Unemployment rate	5.3	6.0	5.8	5.5	5.4	5.6
House price growth	0.7	0.5	0.0	1.4	1.8	0.9
Commercial real estate price growth	(1.0)	(2.4)	(0.6)	(0.4)	(1.2)	(1.1)
UK Bank Rate	3.72	3.20	2.93	2.90	2.89	3.13
CPI inflation	3.1	2.3	1.6	1.5	1.6	2.0

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)

Note 8: Allowance for expected credit losses (continued)

At 31 December 2025	2025 %	2026 %	2027 %	2028 %	2029 %	2025 to 2029 average %
Upside
Gross domestic product growth	1.4	2.0	2.3	1.6	1.6	1.8
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.2	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.7
House price growth	0.8	3.5	7.1	6.9	6.0	4.8
Commercial real estate price growth	1.2	7.9	4.9	1.7	0.8	3.2
UK Bank Rate	4.13	3.94	4.59	5.07	5.33	4.61
CPI inflation	3.4	2.6	2.4	2.8	3.1	2.9
Base case
Gross domestic product growth	1.4	1.2	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.4
Unemployment rate	4.8	5.2	4.8	4.6	4.5	4.8
House price growth	0.8	1.6	1.9	2.2	3.1	1.9
Commercial real estate price growth	1.2	0.6	1.7	0.5	0.2	0.9
UK Bank Rate	4.13	3.44	3.25	3.44	3.50	3.55
CPI inflation	3.4	2.6	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.6
Downside
Gross domestic product growth	1.4	(0.3)	(0.5)	1.1	1.6	0.7
Unemployment rate	4.8	6.6	7.5	7.4	7.0	6.7
House price growth	0.8	(0.2)	(4.7)	(5.7)	(2.8)	(2.6)
Commercial real estate price growth	1.2	(7.1)	(4.2)	(2.7)	(2.3)	(3.1)
UK Bank Rate	4.13	2.74	1.09	0.75	0.52	1.85
CPI inflation	3.4	2.6	2.0	1.4	1.0	2.1
Severe downside
Gross domestic product growth	1.4	(1.9)	(1.8)	0.7	1.4	0.0
Unemployment rate	4.8	8.3	10.2	9.9	9.4	8.5
House price growth	0.8	(1.2)	(11.1)	(12.2)	(7.8)	(6.5)
Commercial real estate price growth	1.2	(17.4)	(9.8)	(7.4)	(5.4)	(8.0)
UK Bank Rate	4.13	1.91	0.10	0.03	0.01	1.24
CPI inflation	3.4	2.6	1.7	0.5	(0.4)	1.6
Probability-weighted
Gross domestic product growth	1.4	0.7	0.8	1.3	1.6	1.2
Unemployment rate	4.8	5.6	5.7	5.5	5.4	5.4
House price growth	0.8	1.3	0.2	(0.2)	1.1	0.6
Commercial real estate price growth	1.2	(1.3)	(0.3)	(0.9)	(0.9)	(0.4)
UK Bank Rate	4.13	3.23	2.69	2.78	2.81	3.13
CPI inflation	3.4	2.6	2.2	2.0	1.9	2.4

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)

Note 8: Allowance for expected credit losses (continued)

Base case scenario by quarter

Gross domestic product growth is presented quarter-on-quarter. House price growth, commercial real estate price growth and CPI inflation are presented year-on-year, i.e. from the equivalent quarter in the previous year. Unemployment rate and UK Bank Rate are presented as at the end of each quarter.

At 30 June 2026	First quarter 2026 %	Second quarter 2026 %	Third quarter 2026 %	Fourth quarter 2026 %	First quarter 2027 %	Second quarter 2027 %	Third quarter 2027 %	Fourth quarter 2027 %
Gross domestic product growth	0.6	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Unemployment rate	5.0	5.0	5.2	5.4	5.5	5.4	5.3	5.2
House price growth	0.8	0.5	0.3	0.9	0.6	1.2	1.4	1.2
Commercial real estate price growth	0.8	0.3	(0.2)	(0.3)	(0.3)	(0.2)	(0.1)	0.0
UK Bank Rate	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.50	3.50
CPI inflation	3.1	2.8	3.0	3.3	2.9	2.5	2.0	1.9

At 31 December 2025	First quarter 2025 %	Second quarter 2025 %	Third quarter 2025 %	Fourth quarter 2025 %	First quarter 2026 %	Second quarter 2026 %	Third quarter 2026 %	Fourth quarter 2026 %
Gross domestic product growth	0.7	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4
Unemployment rate	4.5	4.7	5.0	5.1	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.1
House price growth	2.9	2.7	1.3	0.8	1.3	1.6	1.6	1.6
Commercial real estate price growth	2.5	2.6	2.6	1.2	0.5	0.2	0.1	0.6
UK Bank Rate	4.50	4.25	4.00	3.75	3.75	3.50	3.25	3.25
CPI inflation	2.8	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.3	2.6	2.2	2.2

ECL sensitivity to economic assumptions

The following table shows the Group's ECL for the probability-weighted, upside, base case, downside and severe downside scenarios. The stage allocation for an asset is based on the overall probability-weighted probability of default and hence the staging of assets is constant across all the scenarios. In each economic scenario the ECL for individual assessments is held constant reflecting the basis on which they are evaluated. Judgemental adjustments applied through changes to model inputs or parameters, or more qualitative post model adjustments, are apportioned across the scenarios in proportion to modelled ECL where this better reflects the sensitivity of these adjustments to each scenario. The probability-weighted view shows the extent to which a higher ECL allowance has been recognised to take account of multiple economic scenarios relative to the base case; the uplift being £199 million compared to £228 million at 31 December 2025.

ECL allowance	Probability- weighted £m		Upside £m		Base case £m		Downside £m		Severe downside £m
At 30 June 2026	1,430		997		1,231		1,663		2,631
At 31 December 2025	1,538		1,074		1,310		1,802		2,822

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED HALF-YEAR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (continued)

Note 8: Allowance for expected credit losses (continued)

Movement in expected credit loss allowance

	Half-year to 30 June 2026 £m			Half-year to 30 June 2025 £m			Half-year to 31 December 2025 £m
Opening ECL at start of period	1,538			1,883			1,598
Write-offs and other	(359)			(345)			(254)
Income statement charge	251			60			194
Net ECL decrease	(108)			(285)			(60)
Closing ECL at end of period	1,430			1,598			1,538